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Social Affect: Feelings about Ourselves and OthersĪffect refers to the feelings we experience as part of our everyday lives. Social psychologists study how people interpret and understand their worlds and, particularly, how they make judgments about the causes of other people’s behavior. The fact that different people interpret the same events differently makes life interesting, but it can sometimes lead to disagreement and conflict.
#ACCORDING TO THE HEDONIC PRINCIPLE WE ARE LIKELY TO TRIAL#
The 12 members of a jury who are deliberating about the outcome in a trial have all heard the same evidence, but each juror’s own schemas and attitudes may lead him or her to interpret the evidence differently. When Mike tells a joke about Polish people, he might think it’s funny, but Wanda might think he is being prejudiced. When Indira smiles at Robert, he might think that she is romantically attracted to him, whereas she might think that she’s just being friendly. As a result, different people may draw different conclusions about the same events. Social cognition involves the active interpretation of events. Thus schemas and attitudes have an important influence on our social information processing and social behavior. Once we have formed them, both schemas and attitudes allow us to judge quickly and without much thought whether someone or something we encounter is good or bad, helpful or hurtful, to be sought out or avoided. An attitude is a knowledge representation that includes primarily our liking or disliking of a person, thing, or group (“I really like Julie” “I dislike my new apartment”). A schema is a knowledge representation that includes information about a person or group (e.g., our knowledge that Joe is a friendly guy or that Italians are romantic). Two types of knowledge are particularly important in social psychology: schemas and attitudes. Over time, people develop a set of social knowledge that contains information about the self, other people, social relationships, and social groups. A big part of its job is social cognition-thinking about and understanding other people.
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Figure 1.6 The cerebral cortex is the part of the brain that is involved in thinking. Social cognition is cognition that relates to social activities and that helps us understand and predict the behavior of ourselves and others. Psychologists refer to cognition as the mental activity of processing information and using that information in judgment. Humans are highly intelligent, and they use cognition in every part of their social lives.
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The distinguishing brain feature in mammals, including humans, is the more recently evolved cerebral cortex-the part of the brain that is involved in thinking. The human brain contains about 86 billion neurons, each of which can make contact with tens of thousands of other neurons. Social Cognition: Thinking and Learning about Others Now let’s consider separately the roles of cognition, affect, and behavior. Although we will frequently discuss each of the capacities separately, keep in mind that all three work together to produce human experience. You can see that these three aspects directly reflect the idea in our definition of social psychology-the study of the feelings, behaviors, and thoughts of individuals in the social situation. In order to effectively maintain and enhance our own lives through successful interaction with others, we rely on these three basic and interrelated human capacities:įigure 1.5 Human beings rely on the three capacities of affect, behavior, and cognition, which work together to help them create successful social interactions. Social psychology is based on the ABCs of affect, behavior, and cognition. Summarize the principles of social cognition.Define and differentiate affect, behavior, and cognition as considered by social psychologists.